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from sqlalchemy import and_
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class ModelFilter:
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"""
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ORM 多条件查询构造器，支持多种查询条件组合，自动转义特殊字符防止SQL注入。
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示例：
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mf = ModelFilter()
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mf.exact('name', 'John')
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mf.vague('email', 'example.com')
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query = User.query.filter(mf.get_filter(User))
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"""
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filter_field = {} # 存储字段过滤条件
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filter_list = [] # 存储最终的过滤条件列表
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# 查询类型常量
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type_exact = "exact" # 精确匹配
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type_neq = "neq" # 不等于
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type_greater = "greater" # 大于
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type_less = "less" # 小于
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type_vague = "vague" # 模糊匹配
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type_contains = "contains" # 包含
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type_between = "between" # 范围查询
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def __init__(self):
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"""初始化过滤条件存储字典和列表。"""
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self.filter_field = {}
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self.filter_list = []
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@staticmethod
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def escape_like(value: str, escape_char: str = "\\") -> str:
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"""
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转义LIKE查询中的特殊字符（%, _ 和转义字符本身）
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:param value: 需要转义的原始字符串
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:param escape_char: 转义字符（默认反斜杠）
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:return: 转义后的安全字符串
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"""
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return (
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value.replace(escape_char, escape_char * 2)
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.replace("%", escape_char + "%")
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.replace("_", escape_char + "_")
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)
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def exact(self, field_name, value):
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"""
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添加精确匹配条件（自动处理字符串类型参数）
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:param field_name: 模型字段名称
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:param value: 匹配的值（自动过滤空字符串）
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"""
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if value is not None and value != "":
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# 字符串类型自动调用escape_like（防止特殊字符影响精确匹配）
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processed_value = (
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self.escape_like(str(value)) if isinstance(value, str) else value
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)
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self.filter_field[field_name] = {
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"data": processed_value,
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"type": self.type_exact,
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}
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def neq(self, field_name, value):
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"""
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添加不等于条件（自动处理字符串类型参数）
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:param field_name: 模型字段名称
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:param value: 不匹配的值（自动过滤空字符串）
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"""
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if value is not None and value != "":
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# 字符串类型自动调用escape_like
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processed_value = (
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self.escape_like(str(value)) if isinstance(value, str) else value
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)
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self.filter_field[field_name] = {
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"data": processed_value,
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"type": self.type_neq,
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}
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def greater(self, field_name, value):
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"""
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添加大于条件（数值/日期比较）
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:param field_name: 模型字段名称
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:param value: 比较的数值/日期
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"""
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if value is not None and value != "":
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self.filter_field[field_name] = {"data": value, "type": self.type_greater}
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def less(self, field_name, value):
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"""
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添加小于条件（数值/日期比较）
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:param field_name: 模型字段名称
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:param value: 比较的数值/日期
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"""
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if value is not None and value != "":
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self.filter_field[field_name] = {"data": value, "type": self.type_less}
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def vague(self, field_name, value: str):
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"""
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添加安全模糊匹配（自动转义特殊字符，左右加%）
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:param field_name: 模型字段名称
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:param value: 需要模糊匹配的字符串（自动过滤空值）
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"""
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if value and value != "":
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escaped_value = self.escape_like(value)
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self.filter_field[field_name] = {
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"data": f"%{escaped_value}%",
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"type": self.type_vague,
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}
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def left_vague(self, field_name, value: str):
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"""
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添加安全左模糊匹配（自动转义特殊字符，左侧加%）
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:param field_name: 模型字段名称
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:param value: 需要左模糊匹配的字符串
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"""
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if value and value != "":
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escaped_value = self.escape_like(value)
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self.filter_field[field_name] = {
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"data": f"%{escaped_value}",
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"type": self.type_vague,
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}
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def right_vague(self, field_name, value: str):
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"""
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添加安全右模糊匹配（自动转义特殊字符，右侧加%）
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:param field_name: 模型字段名称
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:param value: 需要右模糊匹配的字符串
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"""
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if value and value != "":
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escaped_value = self.escape_like(value)
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self.filter_field[field_name] = {
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"data": f"{escaped_value}%",
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"type": self.type_vague,
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}
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def contains(self, field_name, value: str):
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"""
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添加安全包含条件（自动转义特殊字符，等效于vague）
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:param field_name: 模型字段名称
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:param value: 需要包含的字符串
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"""
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if value and value != "":
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escaped_value = self.escape_like(value)
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self.filter_field[field_name] = {
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"data": f"%{escaped_value}%",
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"type": self.type_contains,
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}
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def between(self, field_name, value1, value2):
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"""
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添加范围查询条件（自动过滤无效值）
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:param field_name: 模型字段名称
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:param value1: 范围起始值
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:param value2: 范围结束值
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"""
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if all([v is not None and v != "" for v in [value1, value2]]):
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self.filter_field[field_name] = {
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"data": [value1, value2],
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"type": self.type_between,
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}
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def get_filter(self, model):
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"""
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生成安全的SQLAlchemy过滤条件
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:param model: SQLAlchemy 模型类
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:return: 组合后的过滤条件（使用and_连接）
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"""
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for k, v in self.filter_field.items():
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field = getattr(model, k)
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data = v.get("data")
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query_type = v.get("type")
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if query_type == self.type_vague:
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self.filter_list.append(field.like(data, escape="\\"))
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elif query_type == self.type_contains:
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self.filter_list.append(field.like(data, escape="\\"))
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elif query_type == self.type_exact:
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self.filter_list.append(field == data)
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elif query_type == self.type_neq:
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self.filter_list.append(field != data)
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elif query_type == self.type_greater:
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self.filter_list.append(field > data)
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elif query_type == self.type_less:
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self.filter_list.append(field < data)
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elif query_type == self.type_between:
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self.filter_list.append(field.between(data[0], data[1]))
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return and_(*self.filter_list)
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